#Tor publishing discriminatory code#

The members of the Committee may be removed, with or without cause, by a majority vote of the Board of Directors. The members of the Committee shall be appointed by the Board of Directors annually and shall serve until such member’s successor is duly elected and qualified or until such member’s earlier resignation or removal.

#Tor publishing discriminatory code#

Additionally, no director may serve unless that director (1) is a “non-employee director” for purposes of Rule 16b-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and (2) satisfies the requirements of an “outside director” for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Committee shall consist of two or more members of the Board of Directors, each of whom is determined by the Board of Directors to be “independent” under the rules of the SEC. The function of the Committee is to assist the Board of Directors in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities relating to executive compensation and to produce an annual report on executive compensation for inclusion in the Company’s annual proxy statement.

'With abuse-based blocking, we need solutions to enable precise filtering beyond IP address blocking of Tor exit nodes, so that benign Tor users don’t have to suffer from the abusive actions of other Tor users sharing the same exit node.The following shall constitute the Charter (the “Charter”) of the Compensation Committee (the “Committee”) of the Board of Directors of TOR Minerals International, Inc. 'There is not much we can do in the case of entities such as ISPs and countries that preemptively block all Tor exit nodes as a matter of policy, beyond some alleviation in the form of awareness campaigns to highlight the problem (such as, Tor’s “Don’t Block Me” initiative),' she writes. ISPs as well as content delivery networks are also part of the problem but making progress on that front may be difficult, Khattak warns. Engaging with major players on the web such as CloudFlare in order to brainstorm possible solutions ought to be the next stage in the process, according to researchers. Researchers view the process of quantifying problems faced by Tor users and identifying websites that treat traffic from the Tor network differently as the first step in driving change. “We think that some of this blocking is caused by blacklists that include Tor exit nodes, yet other instances likely arise when abuse generated from Tor exit nodes trigger automated blocking mechanisms on websites,” she writes. Khattak explains that the researchers identified CloudFlare, Amazon Web Services and Akamai as dominant Tor blockers, “highlighting the amplified blocking effect such centralised web services may create when their Tor-unfriendly policy trickles down to thousands of their client websites.” University of Cambridge doctoral candidate Sheharbano Khattak summarises the researchers findings in a post on the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory Security Group's Light Blue Touchpaper blog here. Computer scientists from the University of Cambridge, University College London, University of California, Berkeley and International Computer Science Institute (Berkeley) collaborated in putting together the study. The researchers also found at least 3.67 per cent (or more than one in 30) of the most popular 1,000 websites block Tor users at the application layer.Ī paper ( pdf), Do You See What I See? Differential Treatment of Anonymous Users, was presented this week at the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS) conference in San Diego, USA. At least 1.3 million IP addresses that would otherwise allow a TCP handshake on port 80 block the handshake if it originates from a Tor exit node. The experiment uncovered what the boffins describe as “significant evidence of Tor blocking”. Measurements from this exercise were compared with a baseline from non-Tor control measurements.

The researchers scanned the entire IPv4 address space on port 80 from Tor exit nodes before fetching the homepage from the most popular 1,000 websites from all Tor exit nodes. To answer these questions, researchers conducted comprehensive network and application layer measurements in order to log websites that block Tor.